- Procrastination equation
- Piers Steel's formula: motivation equals expectancy times value divided by impulsiveness times delay. A framework showing procrastination as a predictable output of four measurable inputs rather than a character flaw.
- Planning theater
- The trap of producing plans, brand bibles, and content calendars that feel like progress but involve no uncomfortable contact with a real customer or market.
- Implementation intentions
- A behavioral technique by psychologist Peter Gollwitzer: pre-specifying the exact when, where, and how of a task before the moment arrives, in if-then format. Meta-analysis of 94 studies shows two to three times higher completion rates.
- Habit stacking
- Anchoring a new behavior onto an existing habit so the existing habit serves as the trigger, eliminating the need to remember the new behavior separately.
- Future self illusion
- The cognitive bias of believing a future version of yourself will be more disciplined or ready than you are now. Research by Hal Hirschfield shows people who cannot emotionally connect with their future self treat that person like a stranger.
- Anterior cingulate cortex
- The brain region handling error monitoring and course correction. fMRI studies show measurably reduced activity here in high procrastinators during high-pressure tasks.
- DLPFC
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the executive control region of the brain. Also shows reduced activity in high procrastinators, contributing to difficulty sustaining focus on uncertain tasks.